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金泉電力介紹到變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)利用電(dian)磁(ci)感應的(de)(de)原理來(lai)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)交流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)裝置，主(zhu)要(yao)構件(jian)是(shi)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)線圈(quan)(quan)、次級(ji)(ji)線圈(quan)(quan)和(he)鐵芯（磁(ci)芯）。主(zhu)要(yao)功能有：電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)、電(dian)流(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)、阻抗(kang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)、隔離(li)、穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)（磁(ci)飽和(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)）等(deng)。按用途可以分為：電(dian)力變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)特殊變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（電(dian)爐變(bian)(bian)(bian)、整流(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)、工頻(pin)試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、礦(kuang)用變(bian)(bian)(bian)、音(yin)頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、中頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、高頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、沖擊變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、儀用變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)子(zi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)）。電(dian)路符號(hao)常用T當(dang)作(zuo)編號(hao)的(de)(de)開(kai)頭.例: T01, T201等(deng)。

工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)

變(bian)壓器由鐵(tie)芯（或磁芯）和線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)有兩個(ge)或兩個(ge)以上的繞組(zu)(zu)，其(qi)(qi)中接(jie)電(dian)源的繞組(zu)(zu)叫(jiao)初級線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，其(qi)(qi)余的繞組(zu)(zu)叫(jiao)次(ci)級線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)。它可以變(bian)換(huan)交流電(dian)壓、電(dian)流和阻(zu)抗。簡單的鐵(tie)心(xin)變(bian)壓器由一個(ge)軟磁材料做成(cheng)的鐵(tie)心(xin)及(ji)套在鐵(tie)心(xin)上的兩個(ge)匝數不等的線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)構成(cheng)，如圖所示。

鐵心(xin)的作用(yong)是加強兩(liang)個(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)間的磁(ci)耦合。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)減(jian)少鐵內渦流和磁(ci)滯(zhi)損(sun)耗(hao)，鐵心(xin)由(you)涂漆的硅(gui)鋼片(pian)疊(die)壓(ya)(ya)而成;兩(liang)個(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)間沒有電的聯系(xi)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)由(you)絕緣銅(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（或(huo)鋁(lv)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）繞(rao)成。一個(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)接(jie)交流電源稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)初(chu)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)（或(huo)原線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)），另一個(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)接(jie)用(yong)電器稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)次級線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)（或(huo)副(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)）。實際的變壓(ya)(ya)器是很復雜的，不可避免地存(cun)在銅(tong)損(sun)（線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)電阻發熱）、鐵損(sun)（鐵心(xin)發熱）和漏(lou)磁(ci)（經空氣閉合的磁(ci)感應線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）等，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)簡化(hua)討論這里只介紹理想(xiang)變壓(ya)(ya)器。理想(xiang)變壓(ya)(ya)器成立(li)的條件是：忽略(lve)漏(lou)磁(ci)通，忽略(lve)原、副(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的電阻，忽略(lve)鐵心(xin)的損(sun)耗(hao)，忽略(lve)空載(zai)(zai)電流（副(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)開路原線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中的電流）。例如電力變壓(ya)(ya)器在滿載(zai)(zai)運行時（副(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)輸出(chu)額(e)定功率）即接(jie)近理想(xiang)變壓(ya)(ya)器情況(kuang)。

金泉電力談及(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁感應原理制成的(de)(de)(de)靜止用(yong)電(dian)(dian)器。當變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器的(de)(de)(de)原線(xian)圈(quan)接在交流電(dian)(dian)源上時(shi)，鐵心中(zhong)(zhong)便產生交變(bian)(bian)(bian)磁通，交變(bian)(bian)(bian)磁通用(yong)φ表示(shi)。原、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)φ是(shi)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)，φ也是(shi)簡諧(xie)函(han)數(shu)，表為φ=φmsinωt。由(you)法拉(la)第(di)電(dian)(dian)磁感應定律可(ke)(ke)知，原、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)感應電(dian)(dian)動勢為e1=-N1dφ/dt、e2=-N2dφ/dt。式(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)N1、N2為原、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)匝數(shu)。由(you)圖可(ke)(ke)知U1=-e1，U2=e2（原線(xian)圈(quan)物理量(liang)用(yong)下角(jiao)標1表示(shi)，副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)物理量(liang)用(yong)下角(jiao)標2表示(shi)），其復有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值為U1=-E1=jN1ωΦ、U2=E2=-jN2ωΦ，令k=N1/N2，稱(cheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)比(bi)(bi)。由(you)上式(shi)可(ke)(ke)得U1/ U2=-N1/N2=-k，即變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器原、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)壓有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值之(zhi)比(bi)(bi)，等于其匝數(shu)比(bi)(bi)而且原、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)位相(xiang)差為π。